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Status-Less Children in Israel

Who are the children growing up here without legal status,
and how does this reality shape their childhood?

For these children, the meaning of “routine” is very different from what most of us know. Financial hardship forces many parents to work around the clock, leaving their children for long periods without a consistent parental presence. During their earliest years, many are placed in makeshift childcare settings — often the only option their families can afford — where overcrowding, limited freedom of movement, and a lack of developmental stimulation can seriously affect their development.

The challenges do not end in early childhood. By the time they enter the Israeli education system, many children are already coping with significant language and learning gaps. The vast majority are placed in schools and preschools in South Tel Aviv attended almost exclusively by children of asylum seekers, with little or no presence of Israeli children their own age — a separation that further deepens their sense of social isolation.

After school, they spend time in parks, on the streets, and on public transportation. In these public spaces, they frequently encounter alienation, hostility, and at times outright racism. Most of these children were born in Israel, and this is the only home they have ever known. Yet they learn very early that they are growing up on the margins of Israeli society.

Within their families, the persistent threat of deportation, the denial of legal status, and the lack of a social safety net create constant strain. This atmosphere has a profound emotional impact on the children and intensifies their sense of instability and displacement. They are forced to navigate childhood and adolescence without the stability and peace of mind they need to learn, build healthy relationships, and dream of a secure future.

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Most of their parents came to Israel from Eritrea and Sudan. They fled repressive regimes, severe persecution, genocide, and indefinite compulsory military service, undertaking dangerous journeys in search of safety. Under international conventions to which Israel is a party, people fleeing such dangers have the right to seek asylum.

Yet in Israel, their future remains uncertain. While substantial numbers of Eritrean and Sudanese asylum seekers have been recognized as refugees in European countries, in Israel many asylum applications have remained unexamined for years, and recognition rates have been exceptionally low. As a result, most live under temporary permits that must be renewed repeatedly. While these permits generally protect them from deportation, they do not provide secure legal status or access to many of the basic social rights available to Israeli residents.

With no entitlement to most welfare benefits, no access to Israel’s national health insurance system, and very limited access to social services, families face a daily struggle to make ends meet. Parents are often employed in physically demanding, low-paid jobs, with limited employment protections and little job security. Many families live in severe poverty and struggle with food insecurity.

This is the reality into which their children are born. The constant uncertainty and financial hardship do not affect only the adults — they permeate family life and directly shape the children’s experience of growing up. From an early age, these children must navigate a world without the stability and security that every child needs in order to grow and thrive.

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Definitions and Legal Status in Israel

To fully understand the complex reality facing this community and its children, it is helpful to clarify a few key terms, facts, and figures >>>

‘Asylum Seeker’

A person who has fled their country because of a genuine fear of persecution or threats to their life and, under international law, has the right to seek protection. In Israel, asylum seekers are generally not granted permanent status but remain under temporary permits that protect them from deportation while providing no entitlement to most welfare services, national health insurance, or social benefits.

‘Refugee’

A person whose asylum claim has been examined and who has been officially recognized by the state as a refugee. Israel’s refugee recognition rate is among the lowest in the Western world (less than 0.1%), while the vast majority of asylum applications are not examined.

‘Migrant Worker’

Unlike asylum seekers, migrant workers come to Israel with prearranged work visas for specific sectors, such as agriculture and caregiving, under regulated labor migration arrangements.

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Their Childhood Is Happening Now

These children — the toddler growing up amid overcrowding and deprivation, the young girl finding her way through a segregated education system, and the teenagers searching for a sense of belonging on the streets — are growing up right now. Their childhood cannot be put on hold while they wait for legal status or political solutions. It is happening now, and every day that passes helps shape the course of their lives.

This reality is not inevitable, and together we can change it. Your support enables Elifelet to provide safe spaces, after-school programs, educational support, and above all, a caring environment where they are seen first and foremost as children. Together, we can give them a fairer start in life — and the opportunities, care, and security that every child deserves.

Reports and Research for Further Reading

  • Mapping the Conditions in “Children’s Warehouses”

    A comprehensive research report by Dr. Yael Meir and Prof. Michelle Slone of Tel Aviv University documenting neglect, overcrowding, and serious safety risks in unregulated early-childhood settings in South Tel Aviv.

  • Poverty and Food Insecurity

    A recent study by the Adva Center and ASSAF (2025) documenting severe economic hardship within the community and finding that approximately 85% of asylum seekers experience food insecurity.

  • Children of Asylum Seekers in the Education System

    A position paper by ASSAF examining the educational and developmental gaps faced by children of asylum seekers and warning of the serious consequences of their segregation from Israeli children within the education system.

  • Unitaf Activity Report

    Data on tailored educational programs provided to hundreds of children from the community, offering them a safe and supervised environment.

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Elifelet – Citizens for Refugee Children | Registered Nonprofit No. 580568939

P.O. Box 21336, Tel Aviv 6121202 | elifelet@elifelet.org
Photography: David Kaplan, Sharon Horowitz & Yael Amir | Translation: Alex Stein

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